Association of ABO and Rh blood groups with breast cancer

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association of “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups with incidence of breast cancer.MethodsIn this study, we identified 70 research documents from data based search engines including “PubMed”, “ISI-Web of Knowledge”, “Embase” and “Google Scholar”. The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including “ABO blood type”, “Rhesus” blood type and “breast cancer”. The research documents in which “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood types and breast cancer was debated were included. After screening, we reviewed 32 papers and finally we selected 25 research papers which met the inclusion criteria and remaining documents were excluded.ResultsBlood group “A” has high incidence of breast cancer (45.88%), blood group “O” has (31.69%); “B” (16.16%) and blood group “AB” has (6.27%) incidence of breast cancer. Blood group “A” has highest and blood group “AB” has least association with breast cancer. Furthermore, “Rhesus +ve” blood group has high incidence of breast cancer (88.31%) and “Rhesus –ve” blood group has least association with breast cancer (11.68%).ConclusionBlood group “A” and “Rhesus +ve” have high risk of breast cancer, while blood type “AB” and “Rhesus –ve” are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group “A” and “Rh +ve” as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended.     

Early predictive value of cord blood bilirubin and dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous bilirubin for hyperbilirubinemia of newborns

ObjectiveTo study the early predictive value of cord blood bilirubin and dynamic monitoring of transcutaneous bilirubin for hyperbilirubinemia of newborns.Methods389 newborns delivered from June 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled as the research subjects; detailed records were made about the general data of newborns and mothers, and after cord blood bilirubin being graded, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia was counted, and the prediction efficiency of cord blood bilirubin was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. At the same time, the transcutaneous bilirubin was detected continuously when the neonate was born and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after birth, and the relativity between transcutaneous bilirubin at 72 h and serum bilirubin was analyzed.ResultsNo significant difference was found in the hyperbilirubinemia group and the non-hyperbilirubinemia group concerning general data of the newborns and their mothers. With the concentration of cord blood bilirubin increased, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia also increased; separate prediction of hyperbilirubinemia by cord blood bilirubin showed a sensitivity and specificity of 71.4% and 65.6% respectively, and they need further dynamic monitoring. The daily mean of transcutaneous bilirubin in hyperbilirubinemia group was significantly higher than that in non-hyperbilirubinemia group at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, and the measurement value of transcutaneous bilirubin at 72 h had a high correlation with serum bilirubin. When transcutaneous bilirubin value is higher than 18, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia should be considered.ConclusionsThe increase of cord blood bilirubin effectively predict the occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. There is a good correlation between levels of transcutaneous bilirubin and serum bilirubin. Moreover, combined detection of transcutaneous bilirubin and cord blood bilirubin can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of hyperbilirubinemia.     

血小板生成素与白介素-11治疗胃癌术后辅助化疗后血小板减少症时效及安全性的比较

目的:比较血小板生成素与白介素-11治疗胃癌患者术后化疗血小板减少症的时效和安全性。方法:术后辅助化疗出现血小板计数低于75×109/L的进展期胃癌患者68例,将其分为TPO组与IL-11组,分别为35例和33例。分别皮下注射rhTPO 15000U,每日1次;rhIL-11 1.5 mg,每日1次,当血小板计数125×109/L或比用药前上升50×109/L,即停止给药,疗程最长为14天。每3天抽取外周静脉血2 m L,通过全自动血液分析仪测定血小板计数,密切观察出现的不良反应并记录。比较两组患者不同临床病理资料、血小板计数、血小板计数升至75×109/L和125×109/L的时程、药物不良反应。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、化疗方案、血小板最低值出现的化疗周期及临床病理分期的比较均没有统计学差异(P值均0.05)。TPO组与IL-11组血小板动态值的比较,第9天出现显著差异(P=0.032)。TPO组与IL-11组血小板计数恢复至75×109/L和125×109/L所需的时间,有显著差异(P=0.041,P=0.013)。TPO组中,有3例(8.6%)患者发生不良反应,IL-11组中,有13例(39.4%)患者发生不良反应,TPO组患者出现的不良反应少且较轻微(P=0.006)。结论:rhTPO治疗胃癌患者术后化疗血小板减少症时效快,安全性好。     

癌基因Src在骨肉瘤细胞侵袭伪足形成中的作用

目的:探讨癌基因Src在体外培养骨肉瘤细胞侵袭伪足形成中的作用。方法:构建Src sh RNA慢病毒表达载体,在HEK293T细胞中包装慢病毒,感染HT-1080骨肉瘤细胞,经嘌呤霉素加压筛选,获得稳定沉默Src基因的骨肉瘤细胞系HT-1080-sh Src;实时定量PCR和Western Blot法检测基因沉默效率;采用原位明胶酶谱法检测侵袭伪足形成;采用侵袭小室实验检测下调Src基因表达对HT-1080细胞侵袭力的影响。结果:成功构建稳定沉默Src基因的骨肉瘤细胞系HT-1080-sh Src及对照细胞系HT-1080-shluc,经实时定量PCR和Western Blot检测,与对照细胞系相比,HT-1080-sh Src细胞中Src基因表达下调3倍以上;下调HT-1080细胞中Src基因表达能显著抑制HT-1080细胞侵袭伪足形成及其对细胞外基质的降解能力;下调Src基因表达能显著抑制骨肉瘤细胞侵袭力。结论:癌基因Src参与调节骨肉瘤细胞HT-1080侵袭伪足形成,促进肿瘤侵袭、转移。     

Ghrelin receptors in human gastrointestinal tract during prenatal and early postnatal development

The aim of our study was to investigate the appearance, density and distribution of ghrelin cells and GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b in the human stomach and duodenum during prenatal and early postnatal development. We examined chromogranin-A and ghrelin cells in duodenum, and GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b expression in stomach and duodenum by immunohistochemistry in embryos, fetuses, and infants. Chromogranin-A and ghrelin cells were identified in the duodenum at weeks 10 and 11 of gestation. Ghrelin cells were detected individually or clustered within the base of duodenal crypts and villi during the first trimester, while they were presented separately within the basal and apical parts of crypts and villi during the second and third trimesters. Ghrelin cells were the most numerous during the first (∼11%) and third (∼10%) trimesters of gestation development. GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b were detected at 11 and 16 weeks of gestation, showed the highest level of expression in Brunner's gland and in lower parts of duodenal crypts and villi during the second trimester in antrum, and during the third trimester in corpus and duodenum. Our findings demonstrated for the first time abundant duodenal expression of ghrelin cells and ghrelin receptors during human prenatal development indicating a role of ghrelin in the regulation of growth and differentiation of human gastrointestinal tract.     

Effects of acupuncture on declined cerebral blood flow,impaired mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in multi-infarct dementia rats

Brain energy disorders and oxidative stress due to chronic hypoperfusion were considered to be the major risk factors in the pathogenesis of dementia. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that acupuncture treatment improved cognitive function of VaD patients and multi-infarct dementia (MID) rats. Acupuncture therapy also increased the activities of glycometabolic enzymes in the brain. But it is not clear whether acupuncture treatment compensates neuronal energy deficit after cerebral ischemic through enhancing the activities of glucose metabolic enzymes and preserving mitochondrial function, and whether acupuncture neuroprotective effect is associated with activations of mitochondrial antioxidative defense system. So, the effect of acupuncture therapy on cognitive function, cerebral blood flow (CBF), mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative stress in the brain of MID rats was investigated in this study. The results showed that acupuncture treatment significantly improved cognitive abilities and increased regional CBF of MID rats. Acupuncture elevated the activities of total SOD, CuZnSOD and MnSOD, decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion, regulated the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in mitochondria, and raised the level of the respiratory control index (RCI) and P/O ratio and the activities of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes of MID rats. These results indicated that acupuncture treatment improved cognitive function of MID rats; and this improvement might be due to increased CBF, which ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction induced by ischemia and endogenous oxidative stress system of brain.     

Insulin stimulates GDP release from G proteins in the rat and human liver plasma membranes

Plasma membranes (1–2 mg protein) prepared from the livers of adult male rats and human organ donors were incubated with 0.6 μM [α-³²P] guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-regenerating buffer at 37°C for 1 h; during this incubation, the [³²P]GTP is hydrolyzed and the nucleotide that is predominantly bound to the membranes is [³²P] guanosine diphosphate (GDP). [³²P]GDP release from the liver membranes was proportional to the protein concentration and increased as a function of time. At 5 mM, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺ maximally inhibited GDP release by 80–90%, whereas, 5 mM Cu²⁺ maximally stimulated the reaction by 100%. Therefore, cations were not included in the buffer used in the GDP release step. One μM Gpp(NH)p (5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate), a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, maximally stimulated [³²P]GDP release in the liver membranes by up to 30%. Although 10 nM Gpp(NH)p had no effect on GDP release, it appeared to stabilize the hormonal effect by blocking further GDP/GTP exchange. In the rat membranes, 1–100 nM glucagon (used as a positive control) stimulated [³²P]GDP release by about 17% (P < .05); similarly, 0.1–100 nM insulin stimulated [³²P]GDP release by 10–13% (P < .05). In the human membranes, 10 pM to 100 nM insulin stimulated [³²P]GDP release by 7–10%. In the rat membranes, 10 nM insulin stimulated [³²P]GDP release by 17 and 24% at 2 and 4 min, respectively (P < .05); in the human membranes, 10 nM insulin stimulated [³²P]GDP release by about 9% at 2 and 4 min. Normal rabbit IgG (used as a control for insulin receptor antibody) by itself stimulated the GDP release by rat and human membranes. However, the stimulation of the GDP release by insulin receptor antibody was consistently higher than that observed with normal rabbit IgG. Four to 15 μg of insulin receptor antibody stimulated [³²P]GDP release by 12–22% (P < .05) and 7–14% in rat and human membranes, respectively. These results indicate that ligand binding to the insulin receptor results in a functional interaction of the receptor with a guanine nucleotide-binding transducer protein (G protein) and activation of GTP/GDP exchange.